draft-ietf-quic-recovery-23.txt   draft-ietf-quic-recovery-24.txt 
QUIC J. Iyengar, Ed. QUIC J. Iyengar, Ed.
Internet-Draft Fastly Internet-Draft Fastly
Intended status: Standards Track I. Swett, Ed. Intended status: Standards Track I. Swett, Ed.
Expires: March 15, 2020 Google Expires: May 7, 2020 Google
September 12, 2019 November 04, 2019
QUIC Loss Detection and Congestion Control QUIC Loss Detection and Congestion Control
draft-ietf-quic-recovery-23 draft-ietf-quic-recovery-24
Abstract Abstract
This document describes loss detection and congestion control This document describes loss detection and congestion control
mechanisms for QUIC. mechanisms for QUIC.
Note to Readers Note to Readers
Discussion of this draft takes place on the QUIC working group Discussion of this draft takes place on the QUIC working group
mailing list (quic@ietf.org), which is archived at mailing list (quic@ietf.org), which is archived at
skipping to change at page 1, line 42 skipping to change at page 1, line 42
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on March 15, 2020. This Internet-Draft will expire on May 7, 2020.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
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4.3. Estimating smoothed_rtt and rttvar . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.3. Estimating smoothed_rtt and rttvar . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Loss Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5. Loss Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1. Acknowledgement-based Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.1. Acknowledgement-based Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1.1. Packet Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.1.1. Packet Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1.2. Time Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.1.2. Time Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2. Probe Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.2. Probe Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2.1. Computing PTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.2.1. Computing PTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3. Handshakes and New Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3. Handshakes and New Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3.1. Sending Probe Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.3.1. Sending Probe Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3.2. Loss Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.3.2. Loss Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.4. Retry and Version Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.4. Handling Retry Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.5. Discarding Keys and Packet State . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.5. Discarding Keys and Packet State . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.6. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6. Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6. Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.1. Explicit Congestion Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.1. Explicit Congestion Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.2. Slow Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.2. Slow Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.3. Congestion Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.3. Congestion Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.4. Recovery Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.4. Recovery Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.5. Ignoring Loss of Undecryptable Packets . . . . . . . . . 16 6.5. Ignoring Loss of Undecryptable Packets . . . . . . . . . 16
6.6. Probe Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.6. Probe Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.7. Persistent Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.7. Persistent Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.8. Pacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.8. Pacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.9. Under-utilizing the Congestion Window . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.9. Under-utilizing the Congestion Window . . . . . . . . . . 18
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.1. Congestion Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.1. Congestion Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.2. Traffic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.2. Traffic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.3. Misreporting ECN Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.3. Misreporting ECN Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 9.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Appendix A. Loss Recovery Pseudocode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Appendix A. Loss Recovery Pseudocode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.1. Tracking Sent Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 A.1. Tracking Sent Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.1.1. Sent Packet Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 A.1.1. Sent Packet Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.2. Constants of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 A.2. Constants of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
A.3. Variables of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 A.3. Variables of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
A.4. Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 A.4. Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A.5. On Sending a Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 A.5. On Sending a Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A.6. On Receiving an Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 A.6. On Receiving an Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.7. On Packet Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 A.7. On Packet Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A.8. Setting the Loss Detection Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 A.8. Setting the Loss Detection Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A.9. On Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 A.9. On Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A.10. Detecting Lost Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 A.10. Detecting Lost Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Appendix B. Congestion Control Pseudocode . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Appendix B. Congestion Control Pseudocode . . . . . . . . . . . 30
B.1. Constants of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 B.1. Constants of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
B.2. Variables of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 B.2. Variables of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
B.3. Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B.3. Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
B.4. On Packet Sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B.4. On Packet Sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
B.5. On Packet Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B.5. On Packet Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
B.6. On New Congestion Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 B.6. On New Congestion Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
B.7. Process ECN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 B.7. Process ECN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
B.8. On Packets Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 B.8. On Packets Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix C. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Appendix C. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
C.1. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 C.1. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
C.2. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 C.2. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
C.3. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 C.3. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
C.4. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 C.4. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
C.5. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 C.5. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
C.6. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 C.6. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
C.7. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 C.7. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
C.8. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C.8. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
C.9. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C.9. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
C.10. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C.10. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
C.11. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C.11. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
C.12. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C.12. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
C.13. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.13. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
C.14. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.14. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
C.15. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-07 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.15. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
C.16. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-06 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.16. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-07 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
C.17. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.17. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-06 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C.18. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-04 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.18. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C.19. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-03 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.19. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-04 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C.20. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 C.20. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-03 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C.21. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 C.21. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C.22. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 C.22. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C.23. Since draft-iyengar-quic-loss-recovery-01 . . . . . . . . 39 C.23. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 C.24. Since draft-iyengar-quic-loss-recovery-01 . . . . . . . . 39
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
QUIC is a new multiplexed and secure transport atop UDP. QUIC builds QUIC is a new multiplexed and secure transport atop UDP. QUIC builds
on decades of transport and security experience, and implements on decades of transport and security experience, and implements
mechanisms that make it attractive as a modern general-purpose mechanisms that make it attractive as a modern general-purpose
transport. The QUIC protocol is described in [QUIC-TRANSPORT]. transport. The QUIC protocol is described in [QUIC-TRANSPORT].
QUIC implements the spirit of existing TCP loss recovery mechanisms, QUIC implements the spirit of existing TCP loss recovery mechanisms,
described in RFCs, various Internet-drafts, and also those prevalent described in RFCs, various Internet-drafts, and also those prevalent
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capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
Definitions of terms that are used in this document: Definitions of terms that are used in this document:
ACK-only: Any packet containing only one or more ACK frame(s). ACK-only: Any packet containing only one or more ACK frame(s).
In-flight: Packets are considered in-flight when they have been sent In-flight: Packets are considered in-flight when they have been sent
and are not ACK-only, and they are not acknowledged, declared and are not ACK-only, and they are not acknowledged, declared
lost, or abandoned along with old keys. lost, or abandoned along with old keys.
Ack-eliciting Frames: All frames besides ACK or PADDING are Ack-eliciting Frames: All frames other than ACK, PADDING, and
considered ack-eliciting. CONNECTION_CLOSE are considered ack-eliciting.
Ack-eliciting Packets: Packets that contain ack-eliciting frames Ack-eliciting Packets: Packets that contain ack-eliciting frames
elicit an ACK from the receiver within the maximum ack delay and elicit an ACK from the receiver within the maximum ack delay and
are called ack-eliciting packets. are called ack-eliciting packets.
Crypto Packets: Packets containing CRYPTO data sent in Initial or Crypto Packets: Packets containing CRYPTO data sent in Initial or
Handshake packets. Handshake packets.
Out-of-order Packets: Packets that do not increase the largest Out-of-order Packets: Packets that do not increase the largest
received packet number for its packet number space by exactly one. received packet number for its packet number space by exactly one.
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and congestion control logic: and congestion control logic:
o All packets are acknowledged, though packets that contain no ack- o All packets are acknowledged, though packets that contain no ack-
eliciting frames are only acknowledged along with ack-eliciting eliciting frames are only acknowledged along with ack-eliciting
packets. packets.
o Long header packets that contain CRYPTO frames are critical to the o Long header packets that contain CRYPTO frames are critical to the
performance of the QUIC handshake and use shorter timers for performance of the QUIC handshake and use shorter timers for
acknowledgement. acknowledgement.
o Packets that contain only ACK frames do not count toward o Packets containing frames besides ACK or CONNECTION_CLOSE frames
congestion control limits and are not considered in-flight. count toward congestion control limits and are considered in-
flight.
o PADDING frames cause packets to contribute toward bytes in flight o PADDING frames cause packets to contribute toward bytes in flight
without directly causing an acknowledgment to be sent. without directly causing an acknowledgment to be sent.
3.1. Relevant Differences Between QUIC and TCP 3.1. Relevant Differences Between QUIC and TCP
Readers familiar with TCP's loss detection and congestion control Readers familiar with TCP's loss detection and congestion control
will find algorithms here that parallel well-known TCP ones. will find algorithms here that parallel well-known TCP ones.
Protocol differences between QUIC and TCP however contribute to Protocol differences between QUIC and TCP however contribute to
algorithmic differences. We briefly describe these protocol algorithmic differences. We briefly describe these protocol
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reordering resilience. reordering resilience.
5.1.2. Time Threshold 5.1.2. Time Threshold
Once a later packet packet within the same packet number space has Once a later packet packet within the same packet number space has
been acknowledged, an endpoint SHOULD declare an earlier packet lost been acknowledged, an endpoint SHOULD declare an earlier packet lost
if it was sent a threshold amount of time in the past. To avoid if it was sent a threshold amount of time in the past. To avoid
declaring packets as lost too early, this time threshold MUST be set declaring packets as lost too early, this time threshold MUST be set
to at least kGranularity. The time threshold is: to at least kGranularity. The time threshold is:
kTimeThreshold * max(SRTT, latest_RTT, kGranularity) kTimeThreshold * max(smoothed_rtt, latest_rtt, kGranularity)
If packets sent prior to the largest acknowledged packet cannot yet If packets sent prior to the largest acknowledged packet cannot yet
be declared lost, then a timer SHOULD be set for the remaining time. be declared lost, then a timer SHOULD be set for the remaining time.
Using max(SRTT, latest_RTT) protects from the two following cases: Using max(smoothed_rtt, latest_rtt) protects from the two following
cases:
o the latest RTT sample is lower than the SRTT, perhaps due to o the latest RTT sample is lower than the smoothed RTT, perhaps due
reordering where the acknowledgement encountered a shorter path; to reordering where the acknowledgement encountered a shorter
path;
o the latest RTT sample is higher than the SRTT, perhaps due to a o the latest RTT sample is higher than the smoothed RTT, perhaps due
sustained increase in the actual RTT, but the smoothed SRTT has to a sustained increase in the actual RTT, but the smoothed RTT
not yet caught up. has not yet caught up.
The RECOMMENDED time threshold (kTimeThreshold), expressed as a The RECOMMENDED time threshold (kTimeThreshold), expressed as a
round-trip time multiplier, is 9/8. round-trip time multiplier, is 9/8.
Implementations MAY experiment with absolute thresholds, thresholds Implementations MAY experiment with absolute thresholds, thresholds
from previous connections, adaptive thresholds, or including RTT from previous connections, adaptive thresholds, or including RTT
variance. Smaller thresholds reduce reordering resilience and variance. Smaller thresholds reduce reordering resilience and
increase spurious retransmissions, and larger thresholds increase increase spurious retransmissions, and larger thresholds increase
loss detection delay. loss detection delay.
5.2. Probe Timeout 5.2. Probe Timeout
A Probe Timeout (PTO) triggers sending one or two probe datagrams A Probe Timeout (PTO) triggers sending one or two probe datagrams
when ack-eliciting packets are not acknowledged within the expected when ack-eliciting packets are not acknowledged within the expected
period of time or the handshake has not been completed. A PTO period of time or the handshake has not been completed. A PTO
enables a connection to recover from loss of tail packets or enables a connection to recover from loss of tail packets or
acknowledgements. The PTO algorithm used in QUIC implements the acknowledgements. The PTO algorithm used in QUIC implements the
reliability functions of Tail Loss Probe [TLP] [RACK], RTO [RFC5681] reliability functions of Tail Loss Probe [RACK], RTO [RFC5681] and
and F-RTO algorithms for TCP [RFC5682], and the timeout computation F-RTO algorithms for TCP [RFC5682], and the timeout computation is
is based on TCP's retransmission timeout period [RFC6298]. based on TCP's retransmission timeout period [RFC6298].
5.2.1. Computing PTO 5.2.1. Computing PTO
When an ack-eliciting packet is transmitted, the sender schedules a When an ack-eliciting packet is transmitted, the sender schedules a
timer for the PTO period as follows: timer for the PTO period as follows:
PTO = smoothed_rtt + max(4*rttvar, kGranularity) + max_ack_delay PTO = smoothed_rtt + max(4*rttvar, kGranularity) + max_ack_delay
kGranularity, smoothed_rtt, rttvar, and max_ack_delay are defined in kGranularity, smoothed_rtt, rttvar, and max_ack_delay are defined in
Appendix A.2 and Appendix A.3. Appendix A.2 and Appendix A.3.
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network SHOULD use the previous connection's final smoothed RTT value network SHOULD use the previous connection's final smoothed RTT value
as the resumed connection's initial RTT. If no previous RTT is as the resumed connection's initial RTT. If no previous RTT is
available, the initial RTT SHOULD be set to 500ms, resulting in a 1 available, the initial RTT SHOULD be set to 500ms, resulting in a 1
second initial timeout as recommended in [RFC6298]. second initial timeout as recommended in [RFC6298].
A connection MAY use the delay between sending a PATH_CHALLENGE and A connection MAY use the delay between sending a PATH_CHALLENGE and
receiving a PATH_RESPONSE to seed initial_rtt for a new path, but the receiving a PATH_RESPONSE to seed initial_rtt for a new path, but the
delay SHOULD NOT be considered an RTT sample. delay SHOULD NOT be considered an RTT sample.
Until the server has validated the client's address on the path, the Until the server has validated the client's address on the path, the
amount of data it can send is limited, as specified in Section 8.1 of amount of data it can send is limited to three times the amount of
[QUIC-TRANSPORT]. Data at Initial encryption MUST be retransmitted data received, as specified in Section 8.1 of [QUIC-TRANSPORT]. If
before Handshake data and data at Handshake encryption MUST be no data can be sent, then the PTO alarm MUST NOT be armed.
retransmitted before any ApplicationData data. If no data can be
sent, then the PTO alarm MUST NOT be armed until data has been
received from the client.
Since the server could be blocked until more packets are received Since the server could be blocked until more packets are received
from the client, it is the client's responsibility to send packets to from the client, it is the client's responsibility to send packets to
unblock the server until it is certain that the server has finished unblock the server until it is certain that the server has finished
its address validation (see Section 8 of [QUIC-TRANSPORT]). That is, its address validation (see Section 8 of [QUIC-TRANSPORT]). That is,
the client MUST set the probe timer if the client has not received an the client MUST set the probe timer if the client has not received an
acknowledgement for one of its Handshake or 1-RTT packets. acknowledgement for one of its Handshake or 1-RTT packets.
Prior to handshake completion, when few to none RTT samples have been Prior to handshake completion, when few to none RTT samples have been
generated, it is possible that the probe timer expiration is due to generated, it is possible that the probe timer expiration is due to
skipping to change at page 13, line 25 skipping to change at page 13, line 25
keys are discarded. keys are discarded.
5.3.1. Sending Probe Packets 5.3.1. Sending Probe Packets
When a PTO timer expires, a sender MUST send at least one ack- When a PTO timer expires, a sender MUST send at least one ack-
eliciting packet as a probe, unless there is no data available to eliciting packet as a probe, unless there is no data available to
send. An endpoint MAY send up to two full-sized datagrams containing send. An endpoint MAY send up to two full-sized datagrams containing
ack-eliciting packets, to avoid an expensive consecutive PTO ack-eliciting packets, to avoid an expensive consecutive PTO
expiration due to a single lost datagram. expiration due to a single lost datagram.
It is possible that the sender has no new or previously-sent data to When the PTO timer expires, and there is new or previously sent
send. As an example, consider the following sequence of events: new unacknowledged data, it MUST be sent. Data that was previously sent
with Initial encryption MUST be sent before Handshake data and data
previously sent at Handshake encryption MUST be sent before any
ApplicationData data.
It is possible the sender has no new or previously-sent data to send.
As an example, consider the following sequence of events: new
application data is sent in a STREAM frame, deemed lost, then application data is sent in a STREAM frame, deemed lost, then
retransmitted in a new packet, and then the original transmission is retransmitted in a new packet, and then the original transmission is
acknowledged. In the absence of any new application data, a PTO acknowledged. When there is no data to send, the sender SHOULD send
timer expiration now would find the sender with no new or previously- a PING or other ack-eliciting frame in a single packet, re-arming the
sent data to send. PTO timer.
When there is no data to send, the sender SHOULD send a PING or other
ack-eliciting frame in a single packet, re-arming the PTO timer.
Alternatively, instead of sending an ack-eliciting packet, the sender Alternatively, instead of sending an ack-eliciting packet, the sender
MAY mark any packets still in flight as lost. Doing so avoids MAY mark any packets still in flight as lost. Doing so avoids
sending an additional packet, but increases the risk that loss is sending an additional packet, but increases the risk that loss is
declared too aggressively, resulting in an unnecessary rate reduction declared too aggressively, resulting in an unnecessary rate reduction
by the congestion controller. by the congestion controller.
Consecutive PTO periods increase exponentially, and as a result, Consecutive PTO periods increase exponentially, and as a result,
connection recovery latency increases exponentially as packets connection recovery latency increases exponentially as packets
continue to be dropped in the network. Sending two packets on PTO continue to be dropped in the network. Sending two packets on PTO
expiration increases resilience to packet drops, thus reducing the expiration increases resilience to packet drops, thus reducing the
probability of consecutive PTO events. probability of consecutive PTO events.
Probe packets sent on a PTO MUST be ack-eliciting. A probe packet Probe packets sent on a PTO MUST be ack-eliciting. A probe packet
SHOULD carry new data when possible. A probe packet MAY carry SHOULD carry new data when possible. A probe packet MAY carry
retransmitted unacknowledged data when new data is unavailable, when retransmitted unacknowledged data when new data is unavailable, when
flow control does not permit new data to be sent, or to flow control does not permit new data to be sent, or to
opportunistically reduce loss recovery delay. Implementations MAY opportunistically reduce loss recovery delay. Implementations MAY
use alternate strategies for determining the content of probe use alternative strategies for determining the content of probe
packets, including sending new or retransmitted data based on the packets, including sending new or retransmitted data based on the
application's priorities. application's priorities.
When the PTO timer expires multiple times and new data cannot be When the PTO timer expires multiple times and new data cannot be
sent, implementations must choose between sending the same payload sent, implementations must choose between sending the same payload
every time or sending different payloads. Sending the same payload every time or sending different payloads. Sending the same payload
may be simpler and ensures the highest priority frames arrive first. may be simpler and ensures the highest priority frames arrive first.
Sending different payloads each time reduces the chances of spurious Sending different payloads each time reduces the chances of spurious
retransmission. retransmission.
skipping to change at page 14, line 26 skipping to change at page 14, line 29
Delivery or loss of packets in flight is established when an ACK Delivery or loss of packets in flight is established when an ACK
frame is received that newly acknowledges one or more packets. frame is received that newly acknowledges one or more packets.
A PTO timer expiration event does not indicate packet loss and MUST A PTO timer expiration event does not indicate packet loss and MUST
NOT cause prior unacknowledged packets to be marked as lost. When an NOT cause prior unacknowledged packets to be marked as lost. When an
acknowledgement is received that newly acknowledges packets, loss acknowledgement is received that newly acknowledges packets, loss
detection proceeds as dictated by packet and time threshold detection proceeds as dictated by packet and time threshold
mechanisms; see Section 5.1. mechanisms; see Section 5.1.
5.4. Retry and Version Negotiation 5.4. Handling Retry Packets
A Retry or Version Negotiation packet causes a client to send another A Retry packet causes a client to send another Initial packet,
Initial packet, effectively restarting the connection process and effectively restarting the connection process. A Retry packet
resetting congestion control and loss recovery state, including indicates that the Initial was received, but not processed. A Retry
resetting any pending timers. Either packet indicates that the packet cannot be treated as an acknowledgment, because it does not
Initial was received but not processed. Neither packet can be indicate that a packet was processed or specify the packet number.
treated as an acknowledgment for the Initial.
The client MAY however compute an RTT estimate to the server as the Clients that receive a Retry packet reset congestion control and loss
time period from when the first Initial was sent to when a Retry or a recovery state, including resetting any pending timers. Other
connection state, in particular cryptographic handshake messages, is
retained; see Section 17.2.5 of [QUIC-TRANSPORT].
The client MAY compute an RTT estimate to the server as the time
period from when the first Initial was sent to when a Retry or a
Version Negotiation packet is received. The client MAY use this Version Negotiation packet is received. The client MAY use this
value to seed the RTT estimator for a subsequent connection attempt value in place of its default for the initial RTT estimate.
to the server.
5.5. Discarding Keys and Packet State 5.5. Discarding Keys and Packet State
When packet protection keys are discarded (see Section 4.9 of When packet protection keys are discarded (see Section 4.9 of
[QUIC-TLS]), all packets that were sent with those keys can no longer [QUIC-TLS]), all packets that were sent with those keys can no longer
be acknowledged because their acknowledgements cannot be processed be acknowledged because their acknowledgements cannot be processed
anymore. The sender MUST discard all recovery state associated with anymore. The sender MUST discard all recovery state associated with
those packets and MUST remove them from the count of bytes in flight. those packets and MUST remove them from the count of bytes in flight.
Endpoints stop sending and receiving Initial packets once they start Endpoints stop sending and receiving Initial packets once they start
skipping to change at page 15, line 4 skipping to change at page 15, line 9
5.5. Discarding Keys and Packet State 5.5. Discarding Keys and Packet State
When packet protection keys are discarded (see Section 4.9 of When packet protection keys are discarded (see Section 4.9 of
[QUIC-TLS]), all packets that were sent with those keys can no longer [QUIC-TLS]), all packets that were sent with those keys can no longer
be acknowledged because their acknowledgements cannot be processed be acknowledged because their acknowledgements cannot be processed
anymore. The sender MUST discard all recovery state associated with anymore. The sender MUST discard all recovery state associated with
those packets and MUST remove them from the count of bytes in flight. those packets and MUST remove them from the count of bytes in flight.
Endpoints stop sending and receiving Initial packets once they start Endpoints stop sending and receiving Initial packets once they start
exchanging Handshake packets (see Section 17.2.2.1 of exchanging Handshake packets (see Section 17.2.2.1 of
[QUIC-TRANSPORT]). At this point, recovery state for all in-flight [QUIC-TRANSPORT]). At this point, recovery state for all in-flight
Initial packets is discarded. Initial packets is discarded.
When 0-RTT is rejected, recovery state for all in-flight 0-RTT When 0-RTT is rejected, recovery state for all in-flight 0-RTT
packets is discarded. packets is discarded.
If a server accepts 0-RTT, but does not buffer 0-RTT packets that If a server accepts 0-RTT, but does not buffer 0-RTT packets that
arrive before Initial packets, early 0-RTT packets will be declared arrive before Initial packets, early 0-RTT packets will be declared
lost, but that is expected to be infrequent. lost, but that is expected to be infrequent.
It is expected that keys are discarded after packets encrypted with It is expected that keys are discarded after packets encrypted with
them would be acknowledged or declared lost. Initial secrets however them would be acknowledged or declared lost. Initial secrets however
might be destroyed sooner, as soon as handshake keys are available might be destroyed sooner, as soon as handshake keys are available
(see Section 4.9.1 of [QUIC-TLS]). (see Section 4.9.1 of [QUIC-TLS]).
5.6. Discussion
The majority of constants were derived from best common practices
among widely deployed TCP implementations on the internet.
Exceptions follow.
A shorter delayed ack time of 25ms was chosen because longer delayed
acks can delay loss recovery and for the small number of connections
where less than packet per 25ms is delivered, acking every packet is
beneficial to congestion control and loss recovery.
6. Congestion Control 6. Congestion Control
QUIC's congestion control is based on TCP NewReno [RFC6582]. NewReno QUIC's congestion control is based on TCP NewReno [RFC6582]. NewReno
is a congestion window based congestion control. QUIC specifies the is a congestion window based congestion control. QUIC specifies the
congestion window in bytes rather than packets due to finer control congestion window in bytes rather than packets due to finer control
and the ease of appropriate byte counting [RFC3465]. and the ease of appropriate byte counting [RFC3465].
QUIC hosts MUST NOT send packets if they would increase QUIC hosts MUST NOT send packets if they would increase
bytes_in_flight (defined in Appendix B.2) beyond the available bytes_in_flight (defined in Appendix B.2) beyond the available
congestion window, unless the packet is a probe packet sent after a congestion window, unless the packet is a probe packet sent after a
skipping to change at page 17, line 33 skipping to change at page 17, line 25
are substantially delayed. This duration is computed as follows: are substantially delayed. This duration is computed as follows:
(smoothed_rtt + 4 * rttvar + max_ack_delay) * (smoothed_rtt + 4 * rttvar + max_ack_delay) *
kPersistentCongestionThreshold kPersistentCongestionThreshold
For example, assume: For example, assume:
smoothed_rtt = 1 rttvar = 0 max_ack_delay = 0 smoothed_rtt = 1 rttvar = 0 max_ack_delay = 0
kPersistentCongestionThreshold = 3 kPersistentCongestionThreshold = 3
If an eck-eliciting packet is sent at time = 0, the following If an ack-eliciting packet is sent at time = 0, the following
scenario would illustrate persistent congestion: scenario would illustrate persistent congestion:
+-----+------------------------+ +-----+------------------------+
| t=0 | Send Pkt #1 (App Data) | | t=0 | Send Pkt #1 (App Data) |
+-----+------------------------+ +-----+------------------------+
| t=1 | Send Pkt #2 (PTO 1) | | t=1 | Send Pkt #2 (PTO 1) |
| | | | | |
| t=3 | Send Pkt #3 (PTO 2) | | t=3 | Send Pkt #3 (PTO 2) |
| | | | | |
| t=7 | Send Pkt #4 (PTO 3) | | t=7 | Send Pkt #4 (PTO 3) |
skipping to change at page 18, line 13 skipping to change at page 18, line 6
kPersistentCongestionThreshold) = 3. Because the threshold was kPersistentCongestionThreshold) = 3. Because the threshold was
reached and because none of the packets between the oldest and the reached and because none of the packets between the oldest and the
newest packets are acknowledged, the network is considered to have newest packets are acknowledged, the network is considered to have
experienced persistent congestion. experienced persistent congestion.
When persistent congestion is established, the sender's congestion When persistent congestion is established, the sender's congestion
window MUST be reduced to the minimum congestion window window MUST be reduced to the minimum congestion window
(kMinimumWindow). This response of collapsing the congestion window (kMinimumWindow). This response of collapsing the congestion window
on persistent congestion is functionally similar to a sender's on persistent congestion is functionally similar to a sender's
response on a Retransmission Timeout (RTO) in TCP [RFC5681] after response on a Retransmission Timeout (RTO) in TCP [RFC5681] after
Tail Loss Probes (TLP) [TLP]. Tail Loss Probes (TLP) [RACK].
6.8. Pacing 6.8. Pacing
This document does not specify a pacer, but it is RECOMMENDED that a This document does not specify a pacer, but it is RECOMMENDED that a
sender pace sending of all in-flight packets based on input from the sender pace sending of all in-flight packets based on input from the
congestion controller. For example, a pacer might distribute the congestion controller. For example, a pacer might distribute the
congestion window over the SRTT when used with a window-based congestion window over the smoothed RTT when used with a window-based
controller, and a pacer might use the rate estimate of a rate-based controller, and a pacer might use the rate estimate of a rate-based
controller. controller.
An implementation should take care to architect its congestion An implementation should take care to architect its congestion
controller to work well with a pacer. For instance, a pacer might controller to work well with a pacer. For instance, a pacer might
wrap the congestion controller and control the availability of the wrap the congestion controller and control the availability of the
congestion window, or a pacer might pace out packets handed to it by congestion window, or a pacer might pace out packets handed to it by
the congestion controller. Timely delivery of ACK frames is the congestion controller. Timely delivery of ACK frames is
important for efficient loss recovery. Packets containing only ACK important for efficient loss recovery. Packets containing only ACK
frames should therefore not be paced, to avoid delaying their frames should therefore not be paced, to avoid delaying their
delivery to the peer. delivery to the peer.
Sending multiple packets into the network without any delay between
them creates a packet burst that might cause short-term congestion
and losses. Implementations MUST either use pacing or limit such
bursts to the initial congestion window, which is recommended to be
the minimum of 10 * max_datagram_size and max(2* max_datagram_size,
14720)), where max_datagram_size is the current maximum size of a
datagram for the connection, not including UDP or IP overhead.
As an example of a well-known and publicly available implementation As an example of a well-known and publicly available implementation
of a flow pacer, implementers are referred to the Fair Queue packet of a flow pacer, implementers are referred to the Fair Queue packet
scheduler (fq qdisc) in Linux (3.11 onwards). scheduler (fq qdisc) in Linux (3.11 onwards).
6.9. Under-utilizing the Congestion Window 6.9. Under-utilizing the Congestion Window
A congestion window that is under-utilized SHOULD NOT be increased in When bytes in flight is smaller than the congestion window and
either slow start or congestion avoidance. This can happen due to sending is not pacing limited, the congestion window is under-
insufficient application data or flow control credit. utilized. When this occurs, the congestion window SHOULD NOT be
increased in either slow start or congestion avoidance. This can
happen due to insufficient application data or flow control credit.
A sender MAY use the pipeACK method described in section 4.3 of A sender MAY use the pipeACK method described in section 4.3 of
[RFC7661] to determine if the congestion window is sufficiently [RFC7661] to determine if the congestion window is sufficiently
utilized. utilized.
A sender that paces packets (see Section 6.8) might delay sending A sender that paces packets (see Section 6.8) might delay sending
packets and not fully utilize the congestion window due to this packets and not fully utilize the congestion window due to this
delay. A sender should not consider itself application limited if it delay. A sender should not consider itself application limited if it
would have fully utilized the congestion window without pacing delay. would have fully utilized the congestion window without pacing delay.
Bursting more than an initial window's worth of data into the network A sender MAY implement alternative mechanisms to update its
might cause short-term congestion and losses. Implemementations congestion window after periods of under-utilization, such as those
SHOULD either use pacing or reduce their congestion window to limit proposed for TCP in [RFC7661].
such bursts.
A sender MAY implement alternate mechanisms to update its congestion
window after periods of under-utilization, such as those proposed for
TCP in [RFC7661].
7. Security Considerations 7. Security Considerations
7.1. Congestion Signals 7.1. Congestion Signals
Congestion control fundamentally involves the consumption of signals Congestion control fundamentally involves the consumption of signals
- both loss and ECN codepoints - from unauthenticated entities. On- - both loss and ECN codepoints - from unauthenticated entities. On-
path attackers can spoof or alter these signals. An attacker can path attackers can spoof or alter these signals. An attacker can
cause endpoints to reduce their sending rate by dropping packets, or cause endpoints to reduce their sending rate by dropping packets, or
alter send rate by changing ECN codepoints. alter send rate by changing ECN codepoints.
skipping to change at page 20, line 17 skipping to change at page 20, line 15
8. IANA Considerations 8. IANA Considerations
This document has no IANA actions. Yet. This document has no IANA actions. Yet.
9. References 9. References
9.1. Normative References 9.1. Normative References
[QUIC-TLS] [QUIC-TLS]
Thomson, M., Ed. and S. Turner, Ed., "Using TLS to Secure Thomson, M., Ed. and S. Turner, Ed., "Using TLS to Secure
QUIC", draft-ietf-quic-tls-23 (work in progress), QUIC", draft-ietf-quic-tls-24 (work in progress), November
September 2019. 2019.
[QUIC-TRANSPORT] [QUIC-TRANSPORT]
Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", draft-ietf-quic- Multiplexed and Secure Transport", draft-ietf-quic-
transport-23 (work in progress), September 2019. transport-24 (work in progress), November 2019.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
skipping to change at page 22, line 10 skipping to change at page 22, line 10
[RFC7661] Fairhurst, G., Sathiaseelan, A., and R. Secchi, "Updating [RFC7661] Fairhurst, G., Sathiaseelan, A., and R. Secchi, "Updating
TCP to Support Rate-Limited Traffic", RFC 7661, TCP to Support Rate-Limited Traffic", RFC 7661,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7661, October 2015, DOI 10.17487/RFC7661, October 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7661>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7661>.
[RFC8312] Rhee, I., Xu, L., Ha, S., Zimmermann, A., Eggert, L., and [RFC8312] Rhee, I., Xu, L., Ha, S., Zimmermann, A., Eggert, L., and
R. Scheffenegger, "CUBIC for Fast Long-Distance Networks", R. Scheffenegger, "CUBIC for Fast Long-Distance Networks",
RFC 8312, DOI 10.17487/RFC8312, February 2018, RFC 8312, DOI 10.17487/RFC8312, February 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8312>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8312>.
[TLP] Dukkipati, N., Cardwell, N., Cheng, Y., and M. Mathis,
"Tail Loss Probe (TLP): An Algorithm for Fast Recovery of
Tail Losses", draft-dukkipati-tcpm-tcp-loss-probe-01 (work
in progress), February 2013.
9.3. URIs 9.3. URIs
[1] https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/search/?email_list=quic [1] https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/search/?email_list=quic
[2] https://github.com/quicwg [2] https://github.com/quicwg
[3] https://github.com/quicwg/base-drafts/labels/-recovery [3] https://github.com/quicwg/base-drafts/labels/-recovery
Appendix A. Loss Recovery Pseudocode Appendix A. Loss Recovery Pseudocode
skipping to change at page 30, line 51 skipping to change at page 30, line 51
We now describe an example implementation of the congestion We now describe an example implementation of the congestion
controller described in Section 6. controller described in Section 6.
B.1. Constants of interest B.1. Constants of interest
Constants used in congestion control are based on a combination of Constants used in congestion control are based on a combination of
RFCs, papers, and common practice. Some may need to be changed or RFCs, papers, and common practice. Some may need to be changed or
negotiated in order to better suit a variety of environments. negotiated in order to better suit a variety of environments.
kMaxDatagramSize: The sender's maximum payload size. Does not
include UDP or IP overhead. The max packet size is used for
calculating initial and minimum congestion windows. The
RECOMMENDED value is 1200 bytes.
kInitialWindow: Default limit on the initial amount of data in kInitialWindow: Default limit on the initial amount of data in
flight, in bytes. Taken from [RFC6928], but increased slightly to flight, in bytes. Taken from [RFC6928], but increased slightly to
account for the smaller 8 byte overhead of UDP vs 20 bytes for account for the smaller 8 byte overhead of UDP vs 20 bytes for
TCP. The RECOMMENDED value is the minimum of 10 * TCP. The RECOMMENDED value is the minimum of 10 *
kMaxDatagramSize and max(2* kMaxDatagramSize, 14720)). max_datagram_size and max(2 * max_datagram_size, 14720)).
kMinimumWindow: Minimum congestion window in bytes. The RECOMMENDED kMinimumWindow: Minimum congestion window in bytes. The RECOMMENDED
value is 2 * kMaxDatagramSize. value is 2 * max_datagram_size.
kLossReductionFactor: Reduction in congestion window when a new loss kLossReductionFactor: Reduction in congestion window when a new loss
event is detected. The RECOMMENDED value is 0.5. event is detected. The RECOMMENDED value is 0.5.
kPersistentCongestionThreshold: Period of time for persistent kPersistentCongestionThreshold: Period of time for persistent
congestion to be established, specified as a PTO multiplier. The congestion to be established, specified as a PTO multiplier. The
rationale for this threshold is to enable a sender to use initial rationale for this threshold is to enable a sender to use initial
PTOs for aggressive probing, as TCP does with Tail Loss Probe PTOs for aggressive probing, as TCP does with Tail Loss Probe
(TLP) [TLP] [RACK], before establishing persistent congestion, as (TLP) [RACK], before establishing persistent congestion, as TCP
TCP does with a Retransmission Timeout (RTO) [RFC5681]. The does with a Retransmission Timeout (RTO) [RFC5681]. The
RECOMMENDED value for kPersistentCongestionThreshold is 3, which RECOMMENDED value for kPersistentCongestionThreshold is 3, which
is approximately equivalent to having two TLPs before an RTO in is approximately equivalent to having two TLPs before an RTO in
TCP. TCP.
B.2. Variables of interest B.2. Variables of interest
Variables required to implement the congestion control mechanisms are Variables required to implement the congestion control mechanisms are
described in this section. described in this section.
max_datagram_size: The sender's current maximum payload size. Does
not include UDP or IP overhead. The max datagram size is used for
congestion window computations. An endpoint sets the value of
this variable based on its PMTU (see Section 14.1 of
[QUIC-TRANSPORT]), with a minimum value of 1200 bytes.
ecn_ce_counters[kPacketNumberSpace]: The highest value reported for ecn_ce_counters[kPacketNumberSpace]: The highest value reported for
the ECN-CE counter in the packet number space by the peer in an the ECN-CE counter in the packet number space by the peer in an
ACK frame. This value is used to detect increases in the reported ACK frame. This value is used to detect increases in the reported
ECN-CE counter. ECN-CE counter.
bytes_in_flight: The sum of the size in bytes of all sent packets bytes_in_flight: The sum of the size in bytes of all sent packets
that contain at least one ack-eliciting or PADDING frame, and have that contain at least one ack-eliciting or PADDING frame, and have
not been acked or declared lost. The size does not include IP or not been acked or declared lost. The size does not include IP or
UDP overhead, but does include the QUIC header and AEAD overhead. UDP overhead, but does include the QUIC header and AEAD overhead.
Packets only containing ACK frames do not count towards Packets only containing ACK frames do not count towards
skipping to change at page 33, line 23 skipping to change at page 33, line 23
return return
if (IsAppLimited()): if (IsAppLimited()):
// Do not increase congestion_window if application // Do not increase congestion_window if application
// limited. // limited.
return return
if (congestion_window < ssthresh): if (congestion_window < ssthresh):
// Slow start. // Slow start.
congestion_window += acked_packet.size congestion_window += acked_packet.size
else: else:
// Congestion avoidance. // Congestion avoidance.
congestion_window += kMaxDatagramSize * acked_packet.size congestion_window += max_datagram_size * acked_packet.size
/ congestion_window / congestion_window
B.6. On New Congestion Event B.6. On New Congestion Event
Invoked from ProcessECN and OnPacketsLost when a new congestion event Invoked from ProcessECN and OnPacketsLost when a new congestion event
is detected. May start a new recovery period and reduces the is detected. May start a new recovery period and reduces the
congestion window. congestion window.
CongestionEvent(sent_time): CongestionEvent(sent_time):
// Start a new congestion event if packet was sent after the // Start a new congestion event if packet was sent after the
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if (InPersistentCongestion(largest_lost_packet)): if (InPersistentCongestion(largest_lost_packet)):
congestion_window = kMinimumWindow congestion_window = kMinimumWindow
Appendix C. Change Log Appendix C. Change Log
*RFC Editor's Note:* Please remove this section prior to *RFC Editor's Note:* Please remove this section prior to
publication of a final version of this document. publication of a final version of this document.
Issue and pull request numbers are listed with a leading octothorp. Issue and pull request numbers are listed with a leading octothorp.
C.1. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-22 C.1. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-23
o Define under-utilizing the congestion window (#2630, #2686, #2675)
o PTO MUST send data if possible (#3056, #3057)
o Connection Close is not ack-eliciting (#3097, #3098)
o MUST limit bursts to the initial congestion window (#3160)
o Define the current max_datagram_size for congestion control
(#3041, #3167)
o Separate PTO by packet number space (#3067, #3074, #3066)
C.2. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-22
o PTO should always send an ack-eliciting packet (#2895) o PTO should always send an ack-eliciting packet (#2895)
o Unify the Handshake Timer with the PTO timer (#2648, #2658, #2886) o Unify the Handshake Timer with the PTO timer (#2648, #2658, #2886)
o Move ACK generation text to transport draft (#1860, #2916) o Move ACK generation text to transport draft (#1860, #2916)
C.2. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-21 C.3. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-21
o No changes o No changes
C.3. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-20 C.4. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-20
o Path validation can be used as initial RTT value (#2644, #2687) o Path validation can be used as initial RTT value (#2644, #2687)
o max_ack_delay transport parameter defaults to 0 (#2638, #2646) o max_ack_delay transport parameter defaults to 0 (#2638, #2646)
o Ack Delay only measures intentional delays induced by the o Ack Delay only measures intentional delays induced by the
implementation (#2596, #2786) implementation (#2596, #2786)
C.4. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-19 C.5. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-19
o Change kPersistentThreshold from an exponent to a multiplier o Change kPersistentThreshold from an exponent to a multiplier
(#2557) (#2557)
o Send a PING if the PTO timer fires and there's nothing to send o Send a PING if the PTO timer fires and there's nothing to send
(#2624) (#2624)
o Set loss delay to at least kGranularity (#2617) o Set loss delay to at least kGranularity (#2617)
o Merge application limited and sending after idle sections. Always o Merge application limited and sending after idle sections. Always
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packet is ack-eliciting but the largest_acked is not (#2592) packet is ack-eliciting but the largest_acked is not (#2592)
o Don't arm the handshake timer if there is no handshake data o Don't arm the handshake timer if there is no handshake data
(#2590) (#2590)
o Clarify that the time threshold loss alarm takes precedence over o Clarify that the time threshold loss alarm takes precedence over
the crypto handshake timer (#2590, #2620) the crypto handshake timer (#2590, #2620)
o Change initial RTT to 500ms to align with RFC6298 (#2184) o Change initial RTT to 500ms to align with RFC6298 (#2184)
C.5. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-18 C.6. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-18
o Change IW byte limit to 14720 from 14600 (#2494) o Change IW byte limit to 14720 from 14600 (#2494)
o Update PTO calculation to match RFC6298 (#2480, #2489, #2490) o Update PTO calculation to match RFC6298 (#2480, #2489, #2490)
o Improve loss detection's description of multiple packet number o Improve loss detection's description of multiple packet number
spaces and pseudocode (#2485, #2451, #2417) spaces and pseudocode (#2485, #2451, #2417)
o Declare persistent congestion even if non-probe packets are sent o Declare persistent congestion even if non-probe packets are sent
and don't make persistent congestion more aggressive than RTO and don't make persistent congestion more aggressive than RTO
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o Update PTO calculation to match RFC6298 (#2480, #2489, #2490) o Update PTO calculation to match RFC6298 (#2480, #2489, #2490)
o Improve loss detection's description of multiple packet number o Improve loss detection's description of multiple packet number
spaces and pseudocode (#2485, #2451, #2417) spaces and pseudocode (#2485, #2451, #2417)
o Declare persistent congestion even if non-probe packets are sent o Declare persistent congestion even if non-probe packets are sent
and don't make persistent congestion more aggressive than RTO and don't make persistent congestion more aggressive than RTO
verified was (#2365, #2244) verified was (#2365, #2244)
o Move pseudocode to the appendices (#2408) o Move pseudocode to the appendices (#2408)
o What to send on multiple PTOs (#2380) o What to send on multiple PTOs (#2380)
C.6. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-17 C.7. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-17
o After Probe Timeout discard in-flight packets or send another o After Probe Timeout discard in-flight packets or send another
(#2212, #1965) (#2212, #1965)
o Endpoints discard initial keys as soon as handshake keys are o Endpoints discard initial keys as soon as handshake keys are
available (#1951, #2045) available (#1951, #2045)
o 0-RTT state is discarded when 0-RTT is rejected (#2300) o 0-RTT state is discarded when 0-RTT is rejected (#2300)
o Loss detection timer is cancelled when ack-eliciting frames are in o Loss detection timer is cancelled when ack-eliciting frames are in
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controller (#2138, 2187) controller (#2138, 2187)
o Process ECN counts before marking packets lost (#2142) o Process ECN counts before marking packets lost (#2142)
o Mark packets lost before resetting crypto_count and pto_count o Mark packets lost before resetting crypto_count and pto_count
(#2208, #2209) (#2208, #2209)
o Congestion and loss recovery state are discarded when keys are o Congestion and loss recovery state are discarded when keys are
discarded (#2327) discarded (#2327)
C.7. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-16 C.8. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-16
o Unify TLP and RTO into a single PTO; eliminate min RTO, min TLP o Unify TLP and RTO into a single PTO; eliminate min RTO, min TLP
and min crypto timeouts; eliminate timeout validation (#2114, and min crypto timeouts; eliminate timeout validation (#2114,
#2166, #2168, #1017) #2166, #2168, #1017)
o Redefine how congestion avoidance in terms of when the period o Redefine how congestion avoidance in terms of when the period
starts (#1928, #1930) starts (#1928, #1930)
o Document what needs to be tracked for packets that are in flight o Document what needs to be tracked for packets that are in flight
(#765, #1724, #1939) (#765, #1724, #1939)
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(#1969, #1212, #934, #1974) (#1969, #1212, #934, #1974)
o Reduce congestion window after idle, unless pacing is used (#2007, o Reduce congestion window after idle, unless pacing is used (#2007,
#2023) #2023)
o Disable RTT calculation for packets that don't elicit o Disable RTT calculation for packets that don't elicit
acknowledgment (#2060, #2078) acknowledgment (#2060, #2078)
o Limit ack_delay by max_ack_delay (#2060, #2099) o Limit ack_delay by max_ack_delay (#2060, #2099)
o Initial keys are discarded once Handshake are avaialble (#1951, o Initial keys are discarded once Handshake keys are available
#2045) (#1951, #2045)
o Reorder ECN and loss detection in pseudocode (#2142) o Reorder ECN and loss detection in pseudocode (#2142)
o Only cancel loss detection timer if ack-eliciting packets are in o Only cancel loss detection timer if ack-eliciting packets are in
flight (#2093, #2117) flight (#2093, #2117)
C.8. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-14 C.9. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-14
o Used max_ack_delay from transport params (#1796, #1782) o Used max_ack_delay from transport params (#1796, #1782)
o Merge ACK and ACK_ECN (#1783) o Merge ACK and ACK_ECN (#1783)
C.9. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-13 C.10. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-13
o Corrected the lack of ssthresh reduction in CongestionEvent o Corrected the lack of ssthresh reduction in CongestionEvent
pseudocode (#1598) pseudocode (#1598)
o Considerations for ECN spoofing (#1426, #1626) o Considerations for ECN spoofing (#1426, #1626)
o Clarifications for PADDING and congestion control (#837, #838, o Clarifications for PADDING and congestion control (#837, #838,
#1517, #1531, #1540) #1517, #1531, #1540)
o Reduce early retransmission timer to RTT/8 (#945, #1581) o Reduce early retransmission timer to RTT/8 (#945, #1581)
o Packets are declared lost after an RTO is verified (#935, #1582) o Packets are declared lost after an RTO is verified (#935, #1582)
C.10. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-12 C.11. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-12
o Changes to manage separate packet number spaces and encryption o Changes to manage separate packet number spaces and encryption
levels (#1190, #1242, #1413, #1450) levels (#1190, #1242, #1413, #1450)
o Added ECN feedback mechanisms and handling; new ACK_ECN frame o Added ECN feedback mechanisms and handling; new ACK_ECN frame
(#804, #805, #1372) (#804, #805, #1372)
C.11. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-11 C.12. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-11
No significant changes. No significant changes.
C.12. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-10 C.13. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-10
o Improved text on ack generation (#1139, #1159) o Improved text on ack generation (#1139, #1159)
o Make references to TCP recovery mechanisms informational (#1195) o Make references to TCP recovery mechanisms informational (#1195)
o Define time_of_last_sent_handshake_packet (#1171) o Define time_of_last_sent_handshake_packet (#1171)
o Added signal from TLS the data it includes needs to be sent in a o Added signal from TLS the data it includes needs to be sent in a
Retry packet (#1061, #1199) Retry packet (#1061, #1199)
o Minimum RTT (min_rtt) is initialized with an infinite value o Minimum RTT (min_rtt) is initialized with an infinite value
(#1169) (#1169)
C.13. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-09 C.14. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-09
No significant changes. No significant changes.
C.14. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-08 C.15. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-08
o Clarified pacing and RTO (#967, #977) o Clarified pacing and RTO (#967, #977)
C.15. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-07 C.16. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-07
o Include Ack Delay in RTO(and TLP) computations (#981) o Include Ack Delay in RTO(and TLP) computations (#981)
o Ack Delay in SRTT computation (#961) o Ack Delay in SRTT computation (#961)
o Default RTT and Slow Start (#590) o Default RTT and Slow Start (#590)
o Many editorial fixes. o Many editorial fixes.
C.16. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-06 C.17. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-06
No significant changes. No significant changes.
C.17. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-05 C.18. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-05
o Add more congestion control text (#776) o Add more congestion control text (#776)
C.18. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-04 C.19. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-04
No significant changes. No significant changes.
C.19. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-03 C.20. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-03
No significant changes. No significant changes.
C.20. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-02 C.21. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-02
o Integrate F-RTO (#544, #409) o Integrate F-RTO (#544, #409)
o Add congestion control (#545, #395) o Add congestion control (#545, #395)
o Require connection abort if a skipped packet was acknowledged o Require connection abort if a skipped packet was acknowledged
(#415) (#415)
o Simplify RTO calculations (#142, #417) o Simplify RTO calculations (#142, #417)
C.21. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-01 C.22. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-01
o Overview added to loss detection o Overview added to loss detection
o Changes initial default RTT to 100ms o Changes initial default RTT to 100ms
o Added time-based loss detection and fixes early retransmit o Added time-based loss detection and fixes early retransmit
o Clarified loss recovery for handshake packets o Clarified loss recovery for handshake packets
o Fixed references and made TCP references informative o Fixed references and made TCP references informative
C.22. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-00 C.23. Since draft-ietf-quic-recovery-00
o Improved description of constants and ACK behavior o Improved description of constants and ACK behavior
C.23. Since draft-iyengar-quic-loss-recovery-01 C.24. Since draft-iyengar-quic-loss-recovery-01
o Adopted as base for draft-ietf-quic-recovery o Adopted as base for draft-ietf-quic-recovery
o Updated authors/editors list o Updated authors/editors list
o Added table of contents o Added table of contents
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Jana Iyengar (editor) Jana Iyengar (editor)
Fastly Fastly
Email: jri.ietf@gmail.com Email: jri.ietf@gmail.com
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